How do waterproof cable glands work?

Waterproof cable glands, also known as cable connectors or cable fittings, are devices designed to provide a seal between a cable and the enclosure it passes through, preventing the ingress of water, dust, and other contaminants. They are commonly used in electrical and electronic installations, such as outdoor lighting, control panels, and industrial equipment.

Here's how waterproof cable glands typically work:

1. Construction: Cable glands are typically made of metal, plastic, or a combination of both. They consist of several components, including a gland body, a sealing ring or gasket, a locknut, and sometimes an entry thread seal.

2. Cable Preparation: The cable to be connected is prepared by removing the outer insulation to expose the individual conductors.

3. Gland Assembly: The cable is then inserted through the gland body, which is usually threaded on the inside. The sealing ring or gasket is placed inside the gland body to provide a waterproof seal.

4. Tightening: The locknut is threaded onto the gland body, securing it in place. As the locknut is tightened, it compresses the sealing ring or gasket against the cable and the enclosure, creating a watertight seal.

5. Compression and Sealing: As the locknut is tightened, it compresses the sealing ring or gasket, causing it to deform and fill any gaps or irregularities between the cable and the gland body. This compression creates a barrier that prevents water and other contaminants from entering the enclosure.

6. Protection: The waterproof cable gland not only seals the cable entry point but also provides strain relief, securing the cable in place and protecting it from excessive pulling or bending.

The effectiveness of a waterproof cable gland depends on the quality of its components, the design of the seal, and the installation technique. It is important to select the appropriate gland size and type for the cable being used and to follow the manufacturer's instructions for installation to ensure a reliable and durable waterproof seal.